Marital rape was explicitly criminalised by section 4(4)(5) of the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act, 2000. The law prohibits rape, including spousal rape, and the government enforced the law effectively. The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) signed an agreement with the government in April 2019 to provide human rights training to the National Guard, but as of October the OHCHR reported no training had been carried out. This paper outlines how and why investors can contribute to equity for all and provides the case for integrating DEI into investment and ownership decisions. During the year two evangelical pastors died, one during a home invasion and the other after being kidnapped, according to the NGO Christian Solidarity Worldwide. [10], Allegations were initially reported on 1 April 2017 in Novaya Gazeta,[4] a Russian-language opposition newspaper, which reported that since February 2017 over 100 men had allegedly been detained and tortured and at least three had died in extrajudicial killings. These facts highlight the importance of intersectionality, where the effects of multiple forms of discrimination (such as racism, sexism, and classism) combine, overlap or intersect, especially in the experiences of marginalised individuals or groups. [law 113] The legality of the marital rape laws was upheld by the Supreme Court in People vs Jumawan G.R. Plasticrelated chemicals impact wildlife by entering niche environments and spreading through different species and food chains. Plasticrelated chemicals impact wildlife by entering niche environments and spreading through different species and food chains. The goal is to move beyond historical and systemic barriers to achieve greater fairness of treatment and outcomes. In the UK, people of colour are at 10-15% higher risk of death due to COVID-19 compared to their white counterparts. After denying they existed, in February 2019 the Prosecutor Generals Office provided evidence of Pegasus licensing contracts in 2016 and 2017. Freedom House also reported that by March 2019 Citizen Lab and domestic NGOs had documented at least 25 cases of journalists, human rights lawyers, activists, and political figures being targeted with the Pegasus software, which is sold exclusively to governments. Alongside this work on DEI, we are developing a position on the decent work agenda, which will cover four pillars, including equity, opportunity and treatment, as well as living wage and social protections which are connected to the right of non-discrimination. This resource provides a general overview of human rights benchmarks available to investors. A report released in December 2018 by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) confirmed claims that persecution of LGBT persons had taken place and was ignored by authorities. In 2016 all civilian and military courts officially transitioned from an inquisitorial legal system based primarily upon judicial review of written documents to an accusatorial trial system reliant upon oral testimony presented in open court. H.[64] 1) was the criminalisation of marital rape. [71] Second, a declassified memo from Howard Osborne, director of the CIA Office of Security, dated 15 February 1972, in the "CIA Family Jewels" series, from to the Executive Director, speaks of John Roselli, then serving time in a Federal penitentiary in Seattle, Washington, with deportation scheduled at the end of his sentence. Approximately one quarter (7.6 million persons) were employed by formal businesses or organizations but paid in cash off the books to evade taxes and social security payments. In 2019, AP7, a Swedish pension fund, sued Alphabet based on reports of sexual misconduct at Alphabet and the boards perceived mishandling of the situation. Lumumba was taken by Katangan soldiers commanded by Belgians, and eventually shot by a Katangan firing squad under Belgian leadership. According to National Security Secretariat statistics, in the first eight months of the year, prosecutors and attorneys general opened 549 investigations into cases of femicide throughout the country. Its important to ask specifically about investment teams, which historically have lacked diversity, rather than just the organisation as a whole. The CABs frequent failures to administer and oversee procedures related to union activity impartially and transparently, such as union elections, registrations, and strikes, undermined worker efforts to exercise freely their rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. This act includes a mandate for incentive schemes to support Black-owned and managed enterprises. Government Human Rights Bodies: The CNDH is a semiautonomous federal agency created by the government and funded by the legislature to monitor and act on human rights violations and abuses. Although the definition of rape in the Penal Code (s.132) does not include a "marital exemption". Mentions of DEI in signatories proxy voting policies have more than doubled from 6% in 2017 to 21% in 2020. Mentions of DEI within the PRIs Reporting Framework have also been growing steadily between 2014 and 2019. It can also involve engagement with stakeholders beyond investee companies, such as policy makers. Workers, the employer, or an interested third party may request the CAB or court to rule on the legality of the strike, which may find the strike is nonexistent and therefore illegal. 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Mexico, An official website of the United States Government, https://www.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data/reported-cases, https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report/, www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/findings, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods. Diversity within companies brings different perspectives and can reduce groupthink, which can help to strengthen decision-making. Lapunov became the only person to put a face to the official complaints against Chechen authorities in 2017.[49][50]. The second manual, "Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual - 1983", was used in at least seven U.S. training courses conducted in Latin American countries, including Honduras, between 1982 and 1987. Activists enact a scene of Chechen mothers mourning their children, Statements from Chechen and Russian authorities, Arrests and targeting of activists and journalists, United Nations and other intergovernmental bodies, Protests outside Russian diplomatic missions, No recognition of same-sex unions in Russia, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation, List of concentration and internment camps, Russian police round up LGBT activists demonstrating against persecution of gay men in Chechnya, Russians Protesting Abuse of Gay Men in Chechnya Are Detained, "Russia: Update to RUS13194 of 16 February 1993 on the treatment of homosexuals", "Murder of honor: the ambitions of a well-known LGBT activist awake a terrible ancient custom in Chechnya", "Chechen Authorities Arresting and Killing Gay Men, Russian Paper Says", "Gays are not Willingly Accepted in the Russian Army", "Russian police round up LGBT activists demonstrating against persecution of gay men in Chechnya", "Russians Protesting Abuse of Gay Men in Chechnya Are Detained", "Report: Chechnya Is Torturing Gay Men in Concentration Camps", "Analysis - She broke the story of Chechnya's anti-gay purge. In addition to a more impartial and streamlined judicial process for labor disputes, the reform transfers the registration of unions and collective bargaining agreements from the CABs to an independent Federal Conciliation and Labor Registration Center. As of November an agreement regarding compensation was pending. The NGO also reported the existence of multiple unregistered private institutions without licenses operating as orphanages. In practice, the average conviction resulted in three years. As of August, Lozoya was being held on pretrial house arrest. In May 2019 President Lopez Obrador signed into law the most comprehensive labor law reforms in more than 100 years. If the offender used violence, the offense is considered aggravated, and the penalty may be more severe. "[72], Sources have said that Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov wanted the LGBT community to be eliminated by 26 May 2017. Some reports indicate CIA personnel operated the prison and performed the interrogations, while others state that while the CIA delivered the prisoner, third-country intelligence personnel did the actual interrogation. The Public Administration Secretariat monitors disclosures with support from each agency. Federal law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention and provides for the right of any person to challenge the lawfulness of his or her arrest or detention in court, but the government sometimes failed to observe these requirements. Los Mineros won the vote in September, but the company rejected the results, and the closure of the mine continued. After a nine-month work stoppage in which workers at the San Rafael Mine in Cosala, Sinaloa, demanded health and safety improvements and an election to replace the company-supported union, a vote was scheduled for September. DEA provides narcotics investigative training, Customs teaches air, sea and land port search procedures, and Coast Guard teaches courses in maritime interdiction. Even though we have seen an increase of women in senior positions for example a study from McKinsey & Co shows that women make up 21% of C-suite positions in the US in 2020, an increase of 3.7% from 2015 the number of women of colour remains low, representing only 3% of those positions.[6]. Inclusion is not a natural consequence of diversity. The law prohibits minors from working in a broad list of hazardous and unhealthy occupations. Although no specific statute defines spousal rape as illegal, the. On July 29, legislators approved a law making all judicial sentences public. Outsourcing practices made it difficult for workers to identify their legally registered employer, thus limiting their ability to seek redress of labor grievances. The CNDH reported, however, 1 percent of cases resulted in a sanction for the perpetrator. [128] In May 2019, the U.S. government imposed new financial sanctions on Chechen officials linked to the roundups of gay men in Chechnya, including Abuzayed Vismuradov, the commander of the "Terek Special Rapid Response Team" unit. [17] Numerous national leaders and other public figures in the West condemned Chechnya's actions, and protests were held in Russia and elsewhere. Citizens generally registered the births of newborns with local authorities. This includes investment in the wide range of products and services that will drive positive impacts for specific groups and address actual or potential adverse human rights outcomes of investees. [28] Chechnya returned to direct Russian rule in 2000, formally complying with its federal laws and human right statutes. Responsibility for registration of the amendments shifted to the Federal Conciliation and Labor Registration Center when it began operations on November 18. The information contained in these reports could not be more vital or urgent given ongoing human rights Expand your Outlook. Countries business environment and DEI performance will have an impact on labour participation rates and on composition of the labour force. Calls included reports of relationship aggression, sexual assault, sexual harassment, rape, and intrafamily violence. GENEVA: The UN Human Rights Council on Thursday (Oct 6) voted against holding a debate on alleged abuses in China's Xinjiang region in a major setback for Western nations. The government did not enforce the law effectively. According to a 2017 INEGI survey, 12 percent of women were illegally asked to take a pregnancy test as a prerequisite to being hired. The detainee was sent to a "secret prison". This ban remained virtually ironclad until 1985, when Congress authorized the President to support `programs to enhance investigative capabilities conducted under judicial or prosecutorial control' in functioning democracies in the Western hemisphere. Observers noted it also increased the likelihood of work-related illness and injury. There were reports of security forces using excessive force against demonstrators. Rape and domestic violence are criminal offenses, and although no law specifically criminalises spousal rape. Between January and August, the CNDH recorded 132 complaints of arbitrary detention. "[55] An investigation by Radio Liberty in April 2017 reported that prisoners are being released to their families if their families promise to murder them. 285 of the Penal Code includes "out of marriage" in the definition of rape, Rape is illegal and subject to strict penalties, including death, but it remained a problem. Politics-Govt Just in time for U.S. Senate race, border wall gets a makeover. In addition to physical torture, individuals report being mocked, humiliated and insulted, as well as being forced to clean the prison and spat in the face. Before a strike may take place, a union must file a notice to strike with the appropriate CAB, or the appropriate labor court once they are operational. We condemn in the strongest possible terms any use of chemical weapons anywhere, by anyone, under any circumstances. That means the impact could spread far beyond the agencys payday lending rule. The law criminalises all forms of rape of men or women, including spousal rape. It added that the colonel: "Suffered a terminal illness before a firing squad in Baghdad (an event we had nothing to do with) not very long after our handkerchief proposal was considered. The law does not address spousal rape. The state commissions are funded by state legislatures and are semiautonomous. Inequality and Unsustainable Growth: Two Sides of the Same Coin? In March the Interior Ministry recognized government authorities perpetrated attacks against the press. Following the August 2 killing of Pablo Morrugares, the El Diario de Iguala newspaper published a note blaming organized crime and Governor Hector Astudillo Flores administration for violence against journalists and impunity. Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment Act. It contains questions to understand a General Partners policies and procedures in areas such as harassment, discrimination, workplace violence and misconduct. The information contained in these reports could not be more vital or urgent given ongoing human rights 211-212 of Loi No. We've developed a suite of premium Outlook features for people with advanced email and calendar needs. Equality means that all people are treated identically, without consideration for barriers and disadvantages that exist for particular groups. [74][75] In May 2019, the association reported that seven people broke into the apartment of one of its volunteers in Saint Petersburg, where they threatened the activist and other staff with physical violence and murder, saying "We will take you to the police office and will break all your bones." Former NOTIMEX director of international news Manuel Ortiz said Martinez ordered him and his collaborators to attack prominent journalists who questioned the appointment of Martinez as the head of the state news agency. The Asset Manager Diversity and Inclusion Questionnaire aims to standardise complex diversity metrics, beyond gender, and to improve disclosure. Investors should develop clear screening criteria to match their own values and DEI objectives. "Also, GAO could not always determine whether a student was a police officer or a military member because some agencies do not collect such data, DOD officials informed us that once they receive permission to train police in a specific activity they do not provide a further accounting breakdown. Throughout history until the 1970s, most states granted a husband the right to have sex with his wife whenever he so desired, as part of the marriage contract.However, in the 20th century and especially since the 1970s, women's rights groups initiated the anti-rape movement, demanding that they be given sexual autonomy over their On May 4, Giovanni Lopez died in police custody after police allegedly beat him for three hours. It will require a unified, holistic approach, pulling together a variety of voices individuals, community groups, policy makers, corporations and investors and putting those most impacted at the heart of the conversation. Administrative penalties established under pre-2017 law for violations of freedom of association and collective bargaining were commensurate with those for other similar laws but were rarely enforced and subject to lengthy delays and appeals. Zimbabwe is constitutionally a republic. [96] The same month, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum condemned the persecution of gay men in Chechnya and called on Chechen and Russian authorities to investigate the matter and "ensure the safety of LGBT populations within the Russian Federation". Freedom of Press and Media, Including Online Media: Independent media were active and expressed a wide variety of views without restriction but often self-censored due to fear of reprisal. Find the latest business news on Wall Street, jobs and the economy, the housing market, personal finance and money investments and much more on ABC News In September 2019 the Migrant Organizations Network (Redodem, a group of NGOs that shelter migrants) reported that in 2019, federal, state, and municipal police, as well as INM agents, committed at least 298 robbery and kidnapping crimes against migrants. Three of the assailants were identified as Chechens and four implied they were police officers from Chechnya's capital Grozny, but refused to provide identification documents. Plasticrelated chemicals impact wildlife by entering niche environments and spreading through different species and food chains. A just, equitable and fair society where everyone can participate and reach their full potential is the social capital that societies, companies and investors rely on to prosper. [18][19] In a 2021 Council of Europe report into anti-LGBTI hate crimes, rapporteur Foura ben Chikha described the "state-sponsored attacks carried out against LGBTI people in Chechnya in 2017" as "the single most egregious example of violence against LGBTI people in Europe that has occurred in decades". The gun or poison, however, was not in the hands of a CIA officer. For instance, it may be unreasonable to expect a high level of racial diversity in a company based in a country with a low level of racial diversity, such as Japan. On February 20, authorities transferred 27 inmates from Nuevo Laredos state prison to Altamiro Federal Prison, according to the Ministry of Public Security in Tamaulipas. The law prohibits rape of men or women but does not explicitly address spousal rape or domestic violence. Citizens also elected members of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, governors, state legislators, and mayors. The Jalisco Prosecutor Generals Office and the Jalisco Forensics Institute were unable to process increasing numbers of cases, with dozens of sets of human remains discovered during the year. Article 247(3) of the 2008 Penal Code is explicit that marital rape is not an offence. In the early 1970s, the Congress became concerned over the apparent absence of clear policy guidelines and the use of program funds to support repressive regimes that committed human rights' abuses. The accused were released shortly after. The law criminalises rape and domestic violence, but both occurred frequently, and authorities rarely prosecuted perpetrators. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Division for Counter Threat Finance and Sanctions, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. The law criminalises rape of men or women, including spousal rape, and sets penalties between five and 50 years in prison. In April [1962], the [Health Alteration] Committee unanimously recommended to the DDP [Deputy Director for Plans, Richard M. Bissell Jr.] that a "disabling operation" be undertaken, noting that the Chief of Operations advised that it would be "highly desirable." This effort cost $19.8 million, of which $17 million was provided to El Salvador. Investors should consider stewardship activities that improve social outcomes and influence change at an economic or sectoral level, rather than at an individual holding level. Marital rape is explicitly excluded from the definition of rape in. Although Article 227 of the Penal Code does not exclude marital rape from its provisions, Article 23 of the Personal Status Code mandated partners in marriage to "fulfil their conjugal duties according to practice and customs,". The government did not impede participation in the strike by government employees. The law criminalises all forms of rape of men or women, regardless of the relationship between the victim and the accused. Zimbabwe is constitutionally a republic. The government did not enforce the law effectively. Experts Condemn Killing and Torture of Gay Men in Chechnya", "Gay men being tortured and murdered in Chechen prisons, claim detainees", "Report reveals the full brutality of anti-gay purges in Chechnya", "This New Report Shows How Bad Chechnya's Gay Crackdown Really Is", "Information uncovered about a second prison for homosexuals in the Russian republic of Chechnya", "Gay men 'sent to concentration-style camps during purge in Chechnya', "Authorities rounding up, killing gay men in 'prophylactic purge,' Russian paper says", "Chechen authorities tell parents: 'Kill your gay sons or we will', survivor claims", "CHECHEN AUTHORITIES 'SUMMON PARENTS TO PRISON CAMPS TO KILL THEIR GAY SONS', "French president calls on Putin to protect gay Chechens", "People are being beaten and forced to 'sit on bottles' in anti-gay 'camps' in Chechnya", "Chechnya has opened concentration camps for gay men", "Chechnya gay concentration camp destroyed, prisoners moved to unknown location", "Chechnya's gay concentration camp has been destroyed and moved to new location", "Gay man takes Russia to Europe's rights court over Chechnya LGBT+ attacks", "Gay man takes Russia to Europe's rights court over Chechnya LGBT+", "Russian Files Chechnya 'Gay Purge' Complaint With European Rights Court", "New Reports of Gay Singer Abducted and Murdered in Chechnya", "Chechnya gay purge: Victims tell of being stripped naked, beaten with pipes and electrocuted", "Vice Explores Chechen Prison, But Officials Still Deny Antigay Persecution", "Inside the Chechen prison where gay men say they were tortured", "LGBT community in Chechnya faces 'new wave of persecution': UN human rights experts", "Activists Say Chechnya Has Restarted Its Crackdown Against LGBT People", "State Department: Chechnya extrajudicial killings are 'troubling', "Russia's Lavrov says 'no facts' on Chechnya gay persecution", "Anti-LGBT Violence in Chechnya: When Filing "Official Complaints" Isn't an Option", "Kadyrov's spokesman complained about gay attack on Chechnya", "Chechnya president: 'We don't have any gays', "Chechnya officials blame gay people's 'sick imagination' for purge reports", "Russia backs Chechnya government's denials over killing and torture of gay me", "Kremlin: no confirmed info on claimed Chechen gay killings", "Chechnya gay purge: Russian foreign minister says claims of abuse are 'not based on fact', "Chechnya wants to eliminate gay community by end of May, reports suggest", "Russian LGBT Network evacuating 'at risk' people from Chechnya", "Pleas for help from gay men in Chechnya on rise, Russian group says", "Chechnya 'gay purge' responders receive death threats after home invasion", "Russia: Chechnya Gay Purge Responders Threatened", "Activists Helping Gays Escape Chechnya Face Threats, Home Invasions", "LGBT activists arrested in Moscow after demanding investigation of alleged torture of gay men in Chechnya", "Chechnya gay rights: Activists with petition held in Moscow", "Russia detains protesters against Chechnya anti-gay violence", "Russia: New Wave of Anti-LGBT Persecution", "Vladimir Putin backs investigation into reports of violent anti-gay crackdown in Chechnya", "Chechnya's anti-gay pogrom: Too much even for the Kremlin? 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